The world’s biggest selling newspapers

The internet is said to be taking its toll on newspapers, but circulation is still healthy in highly wired countries like Japan and South Korea. Tokyo seems to be the newspaper capital, boasting the two most widely circulated newspapers in the world: Yomiuri Shimbun and Asahi Shimbun.

Tokyo has, in all, four of the 10 most widely circulated newspapers in the world. Two are published from London: the News of the World and the Sun. One is German: the Bild. Two are in China. And the other one is the Times of India.

So why aren't any American newspapers on the top 10 list? It can't be because of the internet. The internet is as widely used in Britain, Japan and South Korea as in America.

Continue Reading

Paul Theroux on Kali and Calcutta

In A Dead Hand: A Crime in Calcutta, Paul Theroux describes an animal sacrifice at the Kali temple in Kalighat. A goat, garlanded with flowers, is led bleating into a walled enclosure to the beat of drums. Once inside, the terrified creature is thrust between two upright stakes and caressed by a barefoot priest, who then hacks off its head to screeches of delight from the crowd.

The narrator, Jerry Delfont, an American travel writer invited to give talks in Calcutta (Kolkata) by the US consulate, is horrified by the spectacle. He is then led inside the temple, which is also frightening:

We shuffled past an inside window where the image of the goddess Kali, gleaming black and brightly marked, stared with orange lozenge eyes from a stack of blossoms and offerings. I was briefly frightened, jostled by the mob in this stifling place of incense and flowers and dishes of money and frantic pilgrims, who were twitching with gestures of devotion and gasping, seeming to eat the air, all of them staring wildly at the furious image.

Theroux is clearly writing as an outsider, who doesn't share the religious sentiments of the Hindus. The scene is nightmarish. Even Hindus may recoil from the animal sacrifice. And was it necessary to give such a lurid description of the image of the goddess?

Continue Reading

Why Singapore is not like Malaysia

The Singapore government can pat itself on the back for keeping Singapore free from the racial and religious tensions that flare up in Malaysia. But, while the government encourages religious harmony, could there be another reason why Singapore is unlike Malaysia? Look at the ethnic makeup of the two countries.

Singapore_ethnic_makeup
Singapore is overwhelmingly Chinese: 74.7% of the population is Chinese, 13.6% Malay, 8.9% Indian, while others make up 2.8%, according to Singapore in Figures 2009 by the Singapore Department of Statistics.

Malaysia_population
Malaysia is not so overwhelmingly Malay: 53% of the population is Malay, 26% Chinese, 8% Indian, while the indigenous people make up 12%, according to the Financial Times article, "Allah" spat marks ethnic Malays' insecurity, published last week.

Countries and regions where ethnic groups are more evenly split can be prone to racial tensions. Look at Lebanon, Nigeria, Sudan, Northern Ireland. The state of Assam in northeastern Indian provides a parallel to Malaysia. Assam also has ethnic-based political parties like Malaysia's Umno, born out of the indigenes' resentment against other ethnic groups.

Singapore might have simmered with similar tensions, too, if the ethnic groups had been more evenly balanced.

What makes me think so?

Because of the widespread resentment against foreigners in Singapore. Singaporeans naturally don't like having to compete with foreigners for jobs and housing. And they see foreigners everywhere. As this chart shows, Singaporeans make up just 64 per cent of the population in Singapore: 3.2 million of the 4.98 million population are Singapore citizens, 533,200 are permanent residents and the rest are foreigners, according to Statistics Singapore.

Singapore_population_piechart
Singaporeans still enjoy a bigger majority in Singapore than Malays in Malaysia, but that has not prevented a growing resentment against foreigners.

Continue Reading

PM Lee makes an error in National Day Rally speech

Singapore's Prime Minister made one small factual error in his thoughtful National Day Rally speech when he spoke about the Hindu-Muslim riots in Gujarat in 2002. He said Hindu pilgrims travelling on a train were massacred by the Muslims in Ahmedabad. No, the massacre took place when the train stopped at the railway station in the town of Godhra. The Hindus retaliated by massacring the Muslims in Ahmedabad. Wikipedia sums up the Gujarat riots. The mistake could have been easily avoided by checking the Internet.


View Larger Map

But, on the whole, the Prime Minister is giving a good speech. He has been speaking for more than 90 minutes, and the audience is still listening with rapt attention. And so am I, watching the webcast at home.

PS: He has just finished speaking. He spoke for more than 100 minutes and gave a fine performance โ€“ a good speech backed by fine audiovisuals on the big screens behind him.

Update 2:

My ears did not deceive me. Here's the relevant part of the speech from Asia One. The Prime Minister was speaking about the racial and religious harmony that exists in Singapore โ€“ and how a victim of the Gujarat riots has come to love this peaceful nation and become a proud Singaporean. The Prime Minister said:

Finally on religion, let me share with you one story, true story which was in an Indian newspaper recently, The Asian Age, picked up in the Straits Times, about a young man from Gujarat, Muslim, who migrated to Singapore after Hindu/Muslim riots in Gujarat in 2002.

You may remember that there were very bad Hindu/Muslim riots. A train carrying Hindu pilgrims was stopped in Ahmadebad (sic), set on fire, circumstances unclear but 50-odd men, women and children burnt to death, trapped in the train.

(The Prime Minister attributed the story to the Asian Age. But the Asian Age story did not mention the train burning. It merely said the young man came to Singapore after the Gujarat riots in which his father and two other family members were killed.)

Continue Reading

Muslims who saw no difference with Hindus

Dara_shikoh
It's possible to be a Muslim and believe all religions are equal. Take this poem, for instance:

The Hindu says, "I am superior";
The Musalman says I.
Two halves of a grain of mung they are;
Which, then, is greater than the other?
Don't quarrel over who is superior;
And who is not;
The one is a devotee of Ram, the other of Rahman.
Deen Darvish says, the two unite in one ocean;
There is only one Lord of all.
The Hindu and the Musalman are one.

These were the words of Deen Darvish, a 19th century Kashmiri Sufi saint, and what he was saying was not all that revolutionary. The same ideas had been expressed long before by Dara Shikoh, the son of Shah Jahan, the Mughal emperor who built the Taj Mahal.

The author William Dalrymple writing about Kashmir in the New York Review of Books traces the long history of religious tolerance in India.

Prince Dara (see portrait) came to believe in the essential unity of Hinduism and Islam. He was led to this conclusion by another Sufi saint, Mullah Shah Badakshani , in Kashmir, writes Dalrymple.

Prince Dara in his treatise on Sufism, The Compass of Truth, proclaimed:

Thou art in the Ka'ba at Mecca,
as well as in the (Hindu) temple of Somnath.
Thou art in the monastery,
as well as the tavern.
Thou art at the same time the light and the moth,
The wine and the cup,
The sage and the fool….

Dara had the Bhagavad Gita and the Upanishads translated into Persian as The Mysteries of Mysteries, and wrote a comparative study of Hinduism and Islam, The Mingling of Two Oceans, which speculated that the essential nature of Islam was identical to that of Hinduism. He also wrote of the mystical visions he received from Hindu deities.

But his writings proved too radical for the Muslim elite of Mughal Delhi, says Dalrymple:

Continue Reading

The Prophet, planes and “kala pani”

Three boys who were expelled from a Malaysian government high school for wearing Islamic-style turbans had their appeal rejected by the country’s highest court. Malaysia is a multi-religious country, said the Federal Court judge Hamid Mohamad, and the education system has to mould the children into moderate Malaysians. 

"I accept that the Prophet wore a turban. But he also rode a camel, built his house and mosque with clay walls and a roof of leaves of date palms, and brushed his teeth with the twig of a plant,” the judge said.

"Does that make riding a camel a more pious deed than travelling in an aeroplane?"

Talking of flying and planes reminds me of an old Hindu taboo. Hindus were not allowed to sail the seas. Crossing the "kala pani" or dark waters made them pariahs or outcasts.

One reason why Hindu soldiers revolted against British rule in 1857, along with their Muslim counterparts, was the sea voyages they were sent on to conquer Burma and Hong Kong and defend other overseas possessions such as Singapore. Hindus believed they lost their caste if they crossed the sea.

But there seemed to have been no such taboo in earlier times. Some of  the ancient Hindu kingdoms maintained fleets and navies. The Hindus on the Indonesian island of Bali could not have arrived there overland; they had to cross the sea.

Hindus today are more likely to fly than sail across the oceans. They don’t even breathe the sea air, let alone get wet from the foam and spray of "kala pani". Their castes undefiled by "kala pani", they are no longer pariahs and outcasts. Instead, if they settle abroad,  folks back home automatically assume they must be rich "non-resident Indians".

MF Hussain: Sexploiting Hindu gods

Husain1 A religion that celebrates the love of Sri Krishna and Radha cannot be considered prudish. Kali, the great goddess, does not appear demurely dressed. The statues of Durga lovingly made out of clay by potters and worshipped by Bengalis during Durga Puja sometimes resemble beautiful Indian film actresses.Beauty and sensuousness have always been celebrated in Hindu religion and ancient Hindu civilisation and culture had a place for erotic art.

But just because one can appreciate Botticelli’s and Titian’s nudes doesn’t mean one likes pornography. The Indian painter MF Hussain may be an acclaimed master but he does seem to have a very sick imagination.

How else can one explain paintings such as these:

  • Hanuman opposite Sita sitting on the thigh of a naked Ravana
  • bull copulating with Parvati
  • Durga in sexual union with a tiger
  • nude Laxmi on the head of Ganesh?

Laxmi is the sister of Ganesh, for God’s sake, and where does it say the demon Ravana after abducting Sita managed to have fun and games with her? Sita, the wife of Rama, is regarded as the ideal of womanhood. And what kind of a man imagines Hindu goddesses having sex with animals? Certainly not someone who has any respect for Hindus. The choice of animals is also telling. The bull is the mount of Parvati’s husband, Siva. Durga is traditionally mounted on a lion. Maybe she has also been depicted on a tiger though I can’t recall any such image.

This is sacrilege.

Hussain can’t claim he didn’t know his paintings would be highly offensive to Hindus. He is familiar with Hindu lore having used it for a long time in his paintings. He can’t even justify it as art for art’s sake, especially in a country like India which respects all religions and banned Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses because it was offensive to Muslims.

The Telegraph reports complaints have been filed against him for outraging religious sentiments. But I don’t think he should be prosecuted. Obscenity trials do more harm than good. And we should have freedom of expression. The Satanic Verses shouldn’t have been banned. Not that I have read it. And those who have, have told me they didn’t like it. But banning it just turned it into a cause celebre, giving it more significance than it perhaps deserved. I am afraid prosecuting Hussain will have the same effect.

But if I think Hussain’s offensive depictions of Hindu gods and goddesses should be ignored, why am I writing this? Because someone should ask him this. If he really believes in freedom of expression and art for art’s sake, why does he paint such pictures of Hindu gods and goddesses only? Why doesn’t he turn his "creative energy" to his own religion? Going by his name, he must have been born a Muslim.

I can think of two possible answers:
(a) He finds "inspiration" in Hinduism
(b) He knows Islam has zero tolerance for obscenity.  He remembers the fatwa against Rushdie for The Satanic Verses and has a healthy desire to save his own skin.

He knows, though complaints have been filed against him, the Indian authorities will handle the issue discreetly, especially with local elections about to be held in several states. The ruling Congress party has always been secular and partly depends on the Muslim vote. As the Telegraph report said: "Before it makes a decision, the big question for the government is if it should risk being clubbed with radical Hindu outfits by starting prosecution or simply put Hussain on a leash by serving him a warning or a notice."

So Hussain will probably get away with a slap on the wrist. That’s fine with me. We Hindus try to be tolerant. We can understand if the bearded artist chickened out of taking the same liberties with Islam. I have nothing against a man having a healthy regard for his own skin. I just wish his imagination were just as healthy.

Year of the Dog


hApPy NeW YeAr (Fav Award)
Originally uploaded by dtla jaime.

This Chinese New Year is the Year of the Dog. Answers.com has more information about Chinese New Year celebrations and the Chinese zodiac calendar. Our Indian, Hindu zodiac signs match the Western signs: we have Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces, too. That does not mean one born under Aries according to the Western astrological system must be an Arian according to Hindu astrology too. He or she could be a Scorpio, a Gemini or something else. The calculations are different.  The Western system goes by the date and time of birth, so does the Chinese — though the animal signs are different. Hindu astrology involves date and time of birth and more.  

%d bloggers like this: